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This webpage describes the three kinds of termite, subterranean, drywood and dampwood, and the most common termite species that are found in infestations around Australia.

Termites are categorized into three categories according to their nesting and feeding habits: subterranean, drywood and dampwood.

Subterranean termites are the most frequent kind of termite that infests wood in structures and are one of the most destructive pests. Outdoors they mostly infest dead timber in contact with the soil, such as trees, stumps and fallen branches. They prefer although they can digest wood, wood which has some amount of rot which makes it a lot easier for them to digest it. .

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Subterranean termites need to be near a supply of moisture to survive, making their nests in or near the earth where they can obtain moisture in the ground. They tunnel through soil to access moist soil or wood and they tunnel down deeper to achieve moisture. .

Dirt is used by the termites as a material to construct nests and shelter tubes, which are composed of soil, wood, faeces and saliva. Some species build carton nests above ground and construct shelter tubes (also referred to as mud tubes) to connect the nest into the ground.

Foraging is determined by the weather, with high activity in summer and activity in dry conditions or chilly after rainfall. In regions they can forage with peaks during warmer, wetter conditions.

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Termites live in colonies, generally less than 1000 individuals inside pieces of timber. There might be tiny colonies like a piece of furniture inside one piece of wood or object. So that the galleries do not adhere to the grain of timber as is normal subterranean termites rings can be fed across by them, however they tend to avoid heartwood.

They don't require water resources or contact the floor and obtain their moisture in find the wood. They do, but require high humidity to survive.

Colonies can grow for years undetected until even the termites swarm or the timber breaks. The winged alates, that are the casts that leave the nest, may not be made for decades in a brand new colony before the population reaches a vital point. They then leave the nest find a site in order to mate and start a new colony, generally not far from the parent colony and to set up. .

Timber that stays moist because of contact with the soil or, as an example, via a water flow in a building is normally infested by dampwood termites. They are likely to infest timber that is outside stump or logs in contact with the ground.

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Termites live inside the wood they make large galleries that are open and feed on. As with termites, they may infest timber for many years before they are discovered, which is most likely when the alates swarm from a mature colony. Swarming may occur with different species swarming at distinct times, over a few months. click here to read

If they are observed in a building they're a sign of a moisture problem. They are usually pests that are minor and can be controlled in buildings by taking away the supply of moisture. In trees that they have a tendency to feed on dead and rotting wood.

Species can be tricky to recognize, even for the specialists. Identification is based on the soldiers, that's the termite caste that has the features that were most easily distinguishable.

Of the insect species it is the Coptotermes species which are public enemy number 1 in Australia.

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The head of the soldier is rectangular and yellow with darker thin mandibles. Body is up to 7 mm long. It is easily confused with two other indigenous Coptotermes species, C. frenchi and C. lacteus (Victoria Museum)

The soldiers generate a white sticky liquid out of a opening (fontanelle) on front of mind when defending the nest from assault.

Coptotermes species do not construct mounds, except in other regions of Australia and Queensland. They mostly stumps, nests in trees, sticks, buried timber under buildings spaces, around homes and in walls. Favoured trees for nesting are various eucalypts, oaks and peppercorns. The colony is located at the root crown or the lower portion of the trunk.

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Coptotermes acinaciformis is the most destructive termite species in Australia although Mastotermes darwiniensis is the locally across its range in tropical Australia. C. acinaciformis strikes all timber structures and damages forest and ornamental trees in addition to fruit trees.